What can be done when an immigration officer acts in bad faith? We need to first define this legal term of art. Bad faith by a public officer was described in the case of Enterprises Sibeca Inc. V. Frelighsburg (Municipalite), [2004] 3 S.C.R. 304 as follows: “The concept of bad faith is flexible, and its content will vary from one area of law to another. As LeBel J. noted inFinney v. Barreau du Québec, 2004 SCC 36 (CanLII), [2004] 2 S.C.R. 17, 2004 SCC 36, the content of the concept of bad faith may go beyond intentional fault (at para. 39): Bad faith certainly includes intentional fault, a classic example of which is found in the conduct of the Attorney General of Quebec that was examined in Roncarelli v. Duplessis, 1959 CanLII 50 (SCC), [1959] S.C.R. 121. Such conduct is an abuse of power for which the State, or sometimes a public servant, may be held liable. However, recklessness implies a fundamental breakdown of the orderly exercise of authority, to the point that absence of good faith can be deduced and bad faith presumed. The act, in terms of how it is performed, is then inexplicable and incomprehensible, to the... Read more →